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Program Materials

Cases
Mendez v. Westminster School Dist. of Orange County (64 F.Supp. 544 [S.D. Cal 1946], judgment affirmed by Westminster School Dist. of Orange County v. Mendez (161 F.2d 774 [9th Cir. 1947])
(WESTLAW © 2021 Thomson Reuters, reprinted with permission)

Brown v. Board of Education (347 U.S. 483 [1954])
(WESTLAW © 2021 Thomson Reuters, reprinted with permission)

Articles
Alvarez, Jr., Robert R., The Lemon Grove Incident: The Nation's First Successful Desegregation Court Case, Journal of San Diego History, San Diego Historical Society Quarterly, Spring 1986, Volume 32, Number 2 (Reprinted with Permission)

Arriola, Christopher, Knocking on School House Doors: Mendez v. Westminster, Equal Protection, Public Education and Mexican Americans in the 1940s, 8 Berkeley La Raza L.J. 166 (1995) (Reprinted with Permission)

Saenz, Thomas A., Mendez and the Legacy of Brown: A Latino Civil Rights Lawyer’s Assessment, 15 Berkeley La Raza L.J. 67 (2004) (Reprinted with Permission)
• This article is also available at 19 Berkeley Women's L.J. 395 (2004).

Frederick P. Aguirre, Kristi L. Bowman, Gonzalo Mendez, Sylvia Mendez, Sandra Robbie, and Philippa Strum,Mendez v. Westminster: A Living History, 2014 Mich. St. L. Rev. 401 (2014) (Reprinted with Permission)

Tennent, Maruxa Relano, Desegregation Bus, New York Daily News, June 6, 2007

Blanco, Maria, The Lasting Impact of Mendez v. Westminster in the Struggle for Desegregation, American Immigration Council, Special Report (March 25, 2010)

Foley, Neil, Over the Rainbow: Hernandez v. Texas, Brown v. Board of Education, and Black v. Brown, Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review, Volume 25, Issue 1, 139 (2005)

Additional Resources
Winifred Conkling, Sylvia & Aki, Penguin Random House: ISBN = 978-1-58246-337-7 (hardcover) (2011)

Ruben Donato, Gonzalo Guzmán & Jarrod Hanson, Francisco Maestas et al. v. George H. Shone et al.: Mexican American Resistance to School Segregation in the Hispano Homeland, 1912–1914, Journal of Latinos and Education, Vol. 16, No. 1, 3-17 (2017)

Alvarez v. Board of Trustees of the Lemon Grove School Dist. (Civil Action No.66625 [Superior Court, San Diego County, Cal. 1931] [see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_Grove_Incident])

Aguirre, Frederick P., Mendez v. Westminster School District: How It Affected Brown v. Board of Education, Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, Vol. 4, No. 4, 321-332 (2005)

Ferg-Cadima, James A., Black, White, and Brown: Latino School Desegregation Efforts in the Pre- and Post-Brown v. Board of Education Era, Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, May 2004

Hendricks, Tyche, An Early Blow for Equality / For All Children: A family's fight 60 years ago against a California school that turned away their kids because they were Mexican helped end segregation in public education, San Francisco Chronicle at page A-1, May 9, 2007